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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">第二十一章</span></b><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></b><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">配置</span></b><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span></b><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">服务</span></b><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><!--?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /--><o:p></o:p></span></b>
</p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">【<b style="font-weight: normal">什么是</b></span><b
        style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span></b><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">】</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">是比较知名的代理软件，它不仅可以跑在</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">linux</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">上还可以跑在</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">windows</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">以及</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Unix</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">上，它的技术已经非常成熟。目前使用</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">的用户也是十分广泛的。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">与</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Linux</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">下其它的代理软件如</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Apache</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">、</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Socks</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">、</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">TIS FWTK</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">和</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">delegate</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">相比，下载安装简单，配置简单灵活，支持缓存和多种协议。</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">的缓存功能相当好用，不仅可以减少带宽的占用，同样也大大降低了后台的</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">WEB</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">服务器的磁盘</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">I/O</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">的压力。</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">接收用户的下载申请，并自动处理所下载的数据。也就是说，当一个用户象要下载一个主页时，它向</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">发出一个申请，要</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">替它下载，然后</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid </font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">连接所申请网站并请求该主页，接着把该主页传给用户同时保留一个备份，当别的用户申请同样的页面时，</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">把保存的备份立即传给用户，使用户觉得速度相当快。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri"> <span><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">将数据元缓存在内存中，同时也缓存</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">DNS</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">查寻的结果，除此之外，它还支持非模块化的</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">DNS</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">查询，对失败的请求进行消极缓存。</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">支持</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">SSL</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">，支持访问控制。由于使用了</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">ICP</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">，</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">能够实现重叠的代理阵列，从而最大限度的节约带宽。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri"> <span><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">Squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">对硬件的要求是内存一定要大，不应小于</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">128M</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">，硬盘转速越快越好，最好使用服务器专用</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">SCSI </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">硬盘，处理器要求不高，</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">400MH</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">以上既可。</span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">【<b style="font-weight: normal">安装</b></span><b
        style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span></b><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">】</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">wget&nbsp;http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.6/squid-2.6.STABLE20.tar.gz<o:p></o:p></font></span>
</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">tar zxvf squid-2.6.STABLE20.tar.gz<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">cd squid-2.6.STABLE20<br>ulimit -HSn 65535<o:p></o:p></font></span>
</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">useradd<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>squid<br></font></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt"><span onclick="tagshow(event)"
                                                         href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/tag.php?name=%B1%E0%D2%EB  \n\n���ļ��޷��� Teleport Ultra ����, ��Ϊ ������������ļ�δ�ҵ���  \n\n�����ڷ������ϴ���?'))window.location='http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/tag.php?name=%B1%E0%D2%EB'">install</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></span>
</p>
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<p><span class="ttag"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">关于</span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">的版本，有必要提一下，目前</span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">最新版本已经到了</span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">3.1</font></span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">了，但是笔者认为</span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">2.6</font></span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">版本比较好用，如果你有兴趣可以研究一下</span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">3.1</font></span></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">。</span></span></p>
<p><span class="ttag"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">【</span></span><span class="ttag"><b
        style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">squid</font></span></b></span><span class="ttag"><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">配置</span></b></span><span class="ttag"><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">】</span></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">编辑配置文件</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri"> /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf<o:p></o:p></font></span>
</p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">把原来配置文件删除，替换成：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">http_port 80 transparent<br><br>cache_replacement_policy lru<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">如果有多个（下面两行）缓存目录，则需要写这个参数</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><br><font face="Calibri" size="3">cache_dir aufs <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>/cache1 8192 16 256<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">缓存目录</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">1 /cache1 </font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">大小为</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">8G<br>cache_dir aufs /cache2 4096 16 256<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">缓存目录</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">2 /cache2 </font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">大小为</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">4G<o:p></o:p></font></span>
</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">## </font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">上面两行定义了缓存目录，这个缓存目录可以只有一个，也可以定义很多个。</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><br><font face="Calibri" size="3">cache_mem 2048 MB<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">分配多少内存给</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">，建议留至少</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">512M</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">给系统，如果你是虚拟机内存很小，只作为试验用的话，那就分一半内存给</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid<br>maximum_object_size 2048 KB<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">缓存的文件最大不能超过</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">2M<br>maximum_object_size_in_memory 512 KB #</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">缓存在内存中的文件最大不超过</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">512k<br>visible_hostname cache.example.com <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>#</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">显示给用户的主机名</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri"
                                                                                                         size="3"> </font><span><br><font
        face="Calibri" size="3">client_persistent_connections off<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#client</font></span></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">端关闭长连接</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><br><font face="Calibri"
                                                                                                          size="3">server_persistent_connections on<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#server</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">端打开长连接</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><br><font face="Calibri" size="3">memory_pools on<br>memory_pools_limit 1024 MB<br>forwarded_for on<br>log_icp_queries off<br>cache_mgr <span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="COLOR: #333333">cache@example.com</span><span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">定义管理员的</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">mail</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">为</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">cache@example.com<br>via on<br>httpd_suppress_version_string off<br>cache_effective_user squid<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>#</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">定义以</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">用户的身份运行</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid<br>cache_effective_group squid<br>error_directory /usr/local/squid/share/errors/Simplify_Chinese<br>icon_directory /usr/local/squid/share/icons<br>mime_table /usr/local/squid/etc/mime.<span
        class="ttag"><span onclick="tagshow(event)"
                           href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/tag.php?name=conf  \n\n���ļ��޷��� Teleport Ultra ����, ��Ϊ ������������ļ�δ�ҵ���  \n\n�����ڷ������ϴ���?'))window.location='http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/tag.php?name=conf'"
                           %Ss:%Sh<br>#access_log /log/squid-log/access.log combined<br>cache_store_log /dev/null<br>cache_log /var/log/squid/cache.log<br>logfile_rotate 12<br># MISCELLANEOUS<br>store_objects_per_bucket 15<br>client_db off<o:p></o:p></font></span>
</p>
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<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">修改完配置文件后保存，然后初始化</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">squid</font></span></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">mkdir /cache1<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>/cache2 /var/log/squid<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">chown -R squid:squid /cache1 /cache2 /var/log/squid<o:p></o:p></font></span></b>
</p>
<p><font face="Calibri"><b style="font-weight: normal"><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt">/usr/local/squid/sbin/squid </span></b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><b style="font-weight: normal">-z</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></span></font>
</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri"># </font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">用来生成</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">cache</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">目录，如果你的配置文件配置出错，往往会在初始化的时候报错，错误信息会直接显示在屏幕上。初始化成功后，就可以启动</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">了，启动命令为：</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">nohup /usr/local/squid/bin/RunCache &amp;<o:p></o:p></font></span></b>
</p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">启动后，可以去看看</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">cache.log </font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">在这个日志中，你可以看到很多关于</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">squid</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">的信息，当然也包括一些错误日志。</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">如果想开机启动则需要在</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">/etc/rc.d/rc.local</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">中最后加入一行</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">/usr/local/bin/RunCache &amp;</font></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">到这里算是配置完成了，但是还有一个问题，就是如何定义被代理的</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">web</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">以及域名？单单看配置文件并没有说代理的</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">web</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">是哪一个。确实，这个配置文件其实可以代理多台</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">web</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">，只要你在</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">/etc/hosts</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">中定义要代理的域名以及</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">IP</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">即可，</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">hosts</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">格式在前面已经介绍过。笔者要提醒你的是，<span style="COLOR: red">如果是一台</span></span><span
        style="COLOR: red; font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">web</font></span><span
        style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">上的多个域名，请不要写一行，虽然</span><span
        style="COLOR: red; font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">hosts</font></span><span
        style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">是允许的，但是如果写成一个</span><span
        style="COLOR: red; font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">IP</font></span><span
        style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">对应多个域名，</span><span
        style="COLOR: red; font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">squid</font></span><span
        style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">代理时就会出错。所以有几个域名就要写几行。</span></p>
<p><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt"></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">更改</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">/etc/hosts</font></span><span
        style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">后要重启</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font
        face="Calibri">squid</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">才能生效：</span><span
        style="font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">/usr/local/squid/sbin/squid<span
        style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>-krec</font></span></b></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">在重启前可以先检测一下，是否有错，命令为：</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
</p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt"><font face="Calibri">/usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –kcheck</font></span></b>
</p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; font-size: 10.5pt">如果没有错，则不会显示任何信息，否则会显示一些信息出来。</span></p>

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